The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred unprecedented global efforts to prevent the spread of the virus within communities. However, the effectiveness of prevention measures varies widely across different regions and populations. Understanding the multifaceted factors influencing COVID-19 prevention efforts is crucial for devising targeted strategies to mitigate transmission and reduce the burden of the disease. This review explores the intricate dynamics shaping COVID-19 prevention endeavors in communities, encompassing sociodemographic, cultural, economic, and healthcare-related determinants. By examining the interplay of these factors, we aim to elucidate key insights into the challenges and opportunities for enhancing community-level prevention initiatives amidst the ongoing pandemic.